The chemical formula of carbon monoxide is CO and the molecular weight is 28.0101. Under normal conditions, it is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. In terms of physical properties, carbon monoxide has a melting point of -205°C and a boiling point of -191.5°C. It is difficult to dissolve in water, and is not easy to liquefy and solidify. In terms of chemical nature, carbon monoxide has both reducing and oxidizing properties. It can undergo oxidation reactions (combustion reactions), disproportionation reactions, etc.; it is also toxic, and higher concentrations can cause people to have different degrees of poisoning symptoms. Industrially, carbon monoxide is the basis of one-carbon chemistry, which can be prepared by coke-oxygen method and other methods, and is mainly used for the production of methanol and phosgene and organic synthesis.
In the chemical industry, carbon monoxide is the basis of one-carbon chemistry. At the same time, by taking advantage of the properties of carbon monoxide reacting with transition metals to produce metal carbonyl or metal carbonyl derivatives, various homogeneous reaction catalysts required for organic chemical production can be prepared. In addition, carbon monoxide can be used as a terminator in the polymerization of polyethylene.
In the metallurgical industry, using the thermal decomposition reaction of carbonyl metal, carbon monoxide can be used to extract high-purity nickel from raw ore, and it can also be used to obtain high-purity powder metal (such as zinc white pigment) and produce certain high-purity metal films (such as tungsten films). And molybdenum film, etc.). At the same time, carbon monoxide can be used as a reducing agent for refined metals; while in the production of polycrystalline diamond films, research grade carbon monoxide (≥99.99%) can be used to provide a carbon source for the chemical vapor deposition process. In addition, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) can be used to produce some special steels, such as direct reduction of iron ore to produce sponge iron.
Carbon monoxide can also be used as fuel, and high-purity carbon monoxide is mainly used as standard gas, carbon monoxide laser, environmental monitoring and scientific research. Among them, the carbon monoxide standard gas can be used in the calibration and detection of petrochemical process control instruments, the quality control of petrochemical products, the detection of environmental pollutants, the detection of automobile exhaust emissions, the calibration of mine alarms, the detection of various factory exhaust, and medical treatment. Instrument calibration, power system transformer oil quality inspection, air separation product quality control, traffic safety inspection instrument calibration, geological prospecting and seismic monitoring, metallurgical analysis, gas appliance experiment and calorific value analysis, chemical fertilizer industry instrument calibration, etc.
In addition, carbon monoxide is often used to preserve the freshness of fish, meat, fruits and vegetables, and bagged rice, especially sashimi. It is also used as a color fixative because it can make the flesh color ruddy.
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